relative<\/em> cooperation indicators, that is to say: the relative tendency of a country to collaborate more with another country as compared to the global average.<\/p>\n\n\n\nWhat is the value of relative indicators? Because large countries like the USA and China have so much scientific output and research collaboration, they will almost always be placed at the heart of the global scientific co-authorship network in absolute<\/em> terms. Hence, the relative<\/em> index sheds light into the subtler tilts of countries in terms of their scientific collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\nShown in the network graphs below are the relative co-authorship links of countries with collaborations with a frequency greater than 150% of the global average; the thickness of links represents the intensity of their collaboration in relative terms. Note that only countries with a certain research output threshold are included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Co-authorship in 1996<\/h3>\n\n\n\n